Executive Summary of the Ford Motor Company - 2116 Words

Executive Summary Ford Motor Company has been and till the date is known as the king of innovations in the automobile industry. Their research development department and innovation of interchangeable parts in moving assembly lines resulted in extraordinary global extension for them. They are an old heritage who ruled and still doing impressive jobs in the global automobile market. Some prestigious motor brands are also owned by Ford. Despite of these good things, Ford Motor faced a loss due to some wrong decisions taken by the management regarding their business strategy. The decision of centralizing the management made them think narrowly which results in too much Americanization and ignorance of local market in the rest of the world.†¦show more content†¦It was a strategy to centralize the management which resulted in ignorance of local factors of the global market. As a result they lost a huge market share and suffered to remain in the competition. Although they were trying to survive from this bad financial hit, at that time the world also faced a financial crisis due to sudden economic recession. SWOT Analysis Strength: Ford entered into the automobile market many years ago and became the oldest car manufacturers. It is the first company which specialized in large scale manufacturing of the cars. The production of Ford cars is done in highly engineered way with the help of moving assembly lines. The presence of Ford Motor cars is very strong in terms of global aspect, because it operates in six continents. So they are present all over the world. Ford’s market share is higher because they are the second largest automobile company in the U.S and fourth largest in the world. Moreover they are the fifth largest vehicle seller. Ford has a very strong brand name and offers wide range of cars like automobiles, commercial vehicles, luxury vehicles etc. they also target different set of customers. The research and development of Ford is very strong because every time they have introduced many new cars and brands and also represents renowned brands like Formula One. Weakness: The market shares and stock prices of Ford have been declined in recent years. No further steps have been taken by the FordShow MoreRelatedFord Pinto Fires Case Study and Executive Summary Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesFord Pinto Fires Case Study and Executive Summary John Bonner, Scotti Greenleaf, Rose Scarbrough MGT216 University of Phoenix October 18, 2010 Sarah Nelson Ford Pinto Fires Case Study and Executive Summary Introduction During the Late 1960’s the Ford Motor Company was one of the leading auto manufactures in the United States. Ford was credited with revolutionizing the muscle car era of the 1950’s and 1960’s. 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Habits and Traits of Backswimmers

The name tells you just about everything you need to know about members of the family Notonectidae. Backswimmers do just that; they swim upside down, on their backs. The scientific name Notonectidae originates from the Greek words notos, meaning back, and nektos, meaning swimming. Description of Backswimmers A backswimmer is built like an upside-down boat. The backswimmers dorsal side is convex and V-shaped, like the keel of a boat. These aquatic insects use their long back legs as oars to propel themselves across the water. The rowing legs lack claws but are fringed with long hairs. The backswimmers coloration is the opposite of most insects, presumably because they live their lives upside down. A backswimmer typically has a dark belly and a light-colored back. This makes them less conspicuous to predators as they backstroke around the pond. The backswimmers head is typical of an aquatic true bug. It has two large eyes, positioned close together, but no ocelli. A cylindrical beak (or rostrum) folds neatly under the head. The short antennae, with just 3 to 4 segments, are almost hidden below the eyes. Like other Hemiptera, backswimmers have piercing, sucking mouthparts. Adult backswimmers bear functional wings and will fly, though doing so requires them to first exit the water and right themselves. They grasp prey and cling to aquatic vegetation using their first and second pairs of legs. At maturity, most backswimmers measure less than  ½ inch in length. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: HemipteraFamily: Notonectidae Backswimmer Diet Backswimmers prey on other aquatic insects, including fellow backswimmers, as well as on tadpoles or small fish. They hunt by either diving down to catch submerged prey or by releasing their hold on vegetation and simply drifting up under prey above them. Backswimmers feed by piercing their prey and then sucking the fluids from their immobilized bodies. Life Cycle As all true bugs do, backswimmers undergo incomplete or simple metamorphosis. Mated females deposit eggs in or on aquatic vegetation, or on the surface of rocks, usually in spring or summer. Hatching may occur in just a few days, or after several months, depending on the species and on environmental variables. Nymphs look similar to adults, though they lack fully developed wings. Most species overwinter as adults. Special Adaptations and Behaviors Backswimmers can and will bite people if handled carelessly, so use caution when skimming specimens from a pond or lake. Theyve also been known to bite unsuspecting swimmers, a habit for which theyve earned the nickname water wasps. Those whove felt the wrath of the backswimmer will tell you their bite feels quite like a bee sting. Backswimmers can stay underwater for hours at a time, by virtue of a portable SCUBA tank they carry with them. On the underside of the abdomen, the backswimmer has two channels covered by inward-facing hairs. These spaces allow the backswimmer to store air bubbles, from which it draws oxygen while submerged. When oxygen stores become low, it must breach the surface of the water to replenish the supply. Males of some species possess stridulatory organs, which they use to sing courtship overtures to receptive females. Range and Distribution Backswimmers inhabit ponds, freshwater pools, lake edges, and slow-moving streams. About 400 species are known throughout the world, but only 34 species inhabit North America. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Family Notonectidae - Backswimmers, BugGuide.Net. Accessed February 25, 2013.Aquatic and Semiaquatic Heteroptera of Michigan - True Bugs - Identification, a website by Ethan Bright, University of Michigan. Accessed February 8, 2016.Water Boatmen and Backswimmers, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Accessed February 25, 2013.Notonectidae - Backswimmers, by Dr. John Meyer, North Carolina State University. Accessed February 25, 2013.A Dictionary of Entomology, by Gordon Gordh, David H. Headrick.

An Argument Against Involuntary Hospitalization - 1414 Words

What is a mental illness? Mental illnesses are disturbed thoughts, feelings, and moods that affect people’s daily functioning. Being hospitalized for having a mental illness is categorized as voluntary or involuntary where voluntary hospitalization is agreeing to be admitted to the hospital for treatment; while involuntary hospitalization is against a person’s will when he or she is harmful to him or her-self or others (NAMI). The issue with involuntary hospitalization is that is it permissible to admit someone to the hospital against his or her will. For instance, in a suicide case, those who agree to involuntary hospitalization would argue that it is a â€Å"way to uphold the right to self-determination† and an action to prevent other†¦show more content†¦In order for an action to be right in act utilitarianism, one must maximize the pleasures and pain as well as happiness of self and others. While in rule utilitarianism, an act is right if and only if it conforms to a set of rules and everyone would maximize the overall utility. In the case of a patient who is mentally ill, rule utilitarianism best describe why hospitalizing the patient against his or her will should be allowed. Before admitting the patient, he or she must meet a set of criteria that the state created. For California, some criteria include refusal of receiving treatment when advised by the doctor, ideations of harming self or others and being mentally incompetent (Involuntary). Through observations from personal clinical experiences, many patients who were admitted fitted these criteria as some are harm risk, while others were mentally incompetent. In addition, everyone would maximize the overall utility as it allows mentally ill patients to get the treatment they need to live as well as prevent harm to themselves and others as this creates maximum utility for everyone. If calculated, there would be more pleasures of feeling better and safe than pain of possible restrains or taking medications. For instance, for a suicidal patient, he or she

Cooperative Productive Workplace Relations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cooperative Productive Workplace Relations? Answer: Introduction: The present case is based on unwanted reduction of pay scale by the employer and attracts the provision of Employee Contract Act (Kavanagh and McRae 2017). It has been stated in the case that the board of director of the aviation company of Australia has made a decision to reduce the pay scale of the Pilots and the staff of the aviation company by 25%. It has also been stated that the workers Union of the company has decided to take an action against the board of directors and against the redundancies that the pilot and other stuff of the company has to face. It is a fact that the company AussieAir has taken the step of reducing the salary with a view to reduce its expenditure. It has been stated by the company that the costing of the company for the present year has been increased a lot and with a view to make a balance regarding the costing of the company and its expenditure, the company has decided to reduce the pay scale of the employees and therefore they have to take the decisi on (Stewart 2013). Provision regarding reduction of salary: The workers Union of the company wanted to sue the company and they can do it as provided by various provisions of the law. The reasons behind the actions made against the company are as follows: It is a fact that any reduction made from the employees remuneration can be made for certain reasons. If the reasons are not being followed up, the reduction regarding the salary will be held as a breach of contract. It is needed that both the employer and employees should have to agree the reduction process. It is a fact that the employees shall have to face serious problem if there is a reduction regarding their salary (Bray and Power 2017). A reduction in the salary may cause harmful effect regarding the business management contract. If there is no provision in the contract regarding the reduction of the pay scale, the employer should have to talk to the Employees regarding the reduction in the pay scale and they should also make certain notice to the Employees regarding the reduction. There should not be any reduction without the consent of the employees and if the reduction has been made without the employees consent, the same should be regarded as violation of the contractual e ntitlements (Stewart et al. 2014). There is a provision in the law that if a company is facing financial loss and it is become necessary to reduce the costing of the company, the company can reduce the salary of the employees within the coverage of redundancy. It has been observed that the employees under the redundancy plan announced that it is not possible for them to pay the staff for the employees at the same level anymore. The process of redundancy follows certain rules: It is important to make an agreement with the employees to mitigate the impact of the redundancy process and make sure that the employees want to reduce the pay scale or the shifting time to overcome the problems (Earnshaw, Marchington and Goodman 2013). Every employee has a right to ask for the reasons from the employers regarding the reduction in the pay scale. It is the upmost duty of the employer to state the reasons behind the reduction and they should have to give the employees fair ground to understand the terms and conditions of the reduction process and to settle down the matter amicably. It is no doubt to state that if the employer asks an employee regarding the reduction of his salary, it may cause a change regarding the contract of employment. According to the law of contract, the changes in the employment contract should have to agree by both the parties that are the employer and the employees (Fossum 2014). The employees regarding the change of the employment contract can give written details and it must be reviewed by mentioning in that written details. It is a fact that the employees contract should not necessarily be written in nature. However, the conditions regarding the contract should be clear. Legal provision: In the present case, the reduction of pay scale should maintain the national minimum wage standard that is mentioned under the Fair Work Act 2009. It is the duty of the employee to maintain discipline regarding the rules and law that are stated under the Australian Act. An employer has to maintain the minimum wage rate while they are taking the decision regarding the reduction in pay. However, it is a fact that an employer cannot reduce the payment of the employees without taking or obtaining consent from them (Mohamed 2014). Certain provisions have been provided under the Corporation Act 2001 regarding the duties of the directors. It is clear from the case that the directors of the AussieAir had failed to perform their duties as per the norms mentioned under the Fair work Act and Employment Contract Act. Therefore, they will be held liable for non-performance of the duties and failed to show due diligence and care to the employees. It is mentioned under section 180 of the Corporation Act 2001 that if any director had failed to perform his duties properly, they have to face civil obligation. It has also been mentioned under the Corporation Act 2001 that the directors is needed to discharge their duties in good faith. In this case, the directors of the aviation company had failed to perform their duties in good faith by reducing the salary of the pilots and therefore, provision of section 181 of CA 2001 will attract here (Lawrence 2016). In the present case, it is observed that the aviation company has prepared for a commercial service regarding the passengers and they wanted to reduce the costumes of the aviation company and decided to reduce the payment of the employees by 25%. It has not been mentioned on that the case that the aviation company or the board of directors of the company has sent any notice to the Employees and it has been mentioned in that case that provision regarding the same has been imposed on the employees (Georgalis et al. 2015). It is a fact under the law that an employer can reduce that pay scale of the employees without obtaining consent from them or without sending them a notice regarding the reduction of the salary only if the employee is an employee at will or there has been a provision regarding the lowering of pay scale mentioned under the employment contract. However, in this case there has not been any Mansion regarding these two Essential elements of redundancy. Therefore it can be stated that the union can bring an action against the aviation company for the violation of the employment contract. It has also not been mentioned that whether are the Employees Association of the company can bring an action regarding the payment reduction or whether there is any provision under the employment contract regarding the reduction of payment available or not (Shields and Brown 2015). Rights of the employee: If there is a violation, regarding the employment contract has been followed on if the employer has reduced the salary of the employees without obtaining any concerns from them or giving them any notice the employees have the rights to claim certain things from the employer regarding the breach of contract. The protection data given to the employees in the workplace are as follows: It is stated under the Fair Work Act that the employees are protected by certain rights that are mentioned under the act and if there is any violation regarding the same has been observed the employees have all the rights to claim damage from the employer regarding the same. If any adverse action has been taken against the employee the fair work act will protect the interest of the employee by mentioning certain rules. It has been stated under the act that an employer cannot fire an employee or shall not offer any answer terms and conditions to the Employees and if there is any violation happens regarding the same the employees can exercise there what place right against employer (McLachlan 2013). It has been stated under the law that no employee shall be forced against their will and the employees are restricted to do so under the employee Contract Act. The employees of any company are also prohibited to make any pressure upon the employee so that the employee will agree with the employer regarding the reduction of payment. In Australia there is a Commission named Fair Work Commission to deal with the problems regarding the interest of the employees. Therefore, it can be observed that the certain rules made out by the law regarding the redundancy. It has been stated on that the love that redundancy situation may arise when the company has to face a serious financial loss. In such a situation the employees have the option to reduce the salary of the employees by obtaining consent from them regarding the same. However in the present case it has been observed that the board of members are not actually facing in financial problems as there was an increase happened regarding their salary and therefore the questions of redundancy has not been proved. In this case it has been observed that the reduction regarding the salary of the employees as well as the pirates are not justified and against the employment contract and the workers Union have every right to bring an action against the company before the fair work permission. The employees can make complaint to the workplace relations Commission that attracts the Provision of Industrial Relations Act. If the employees are not given the consent regarding the reduction of the payment and the employer have decided to make the employee redundant the employee have every right to claim and action regarding the unfair dismissal against the employers. In case of any serious breach regarding employment contract the party is specially the affected parties may bring an action against the company in any Civil Court. It has been observed in Petkoski v Wiredex Pty Ltd AIRC (2006) that an employee can continue work in the company even after sue the employer of the company under the provision of the Workplace Relations Act 1996. It has also been mentioned that if the employer makes any employee as redundant, he must show reasonable cause and in case he has failed to do the same, the law will bar him to reduce the salary of the respective employee. Reduction of the payment may have certain rules and that should be followed up. According to Richard Lynch, a negotiating officer that there should be a time mentioned regarding the reduction of salary. It means that the employer should have to mention the time limit on how long the employee will get the reduced payment. The employer has certain rights regarding the redundancy system. The employer may send the respective employees a notice for put him on short time. In this process, the amount of work is reduced and the salary will follow the same generally. However, the Fair Work Act has given certain rights to the employees as well. If the employee does not want to work on short time, he can entitle to be redundant. It has been observed under the present case that the Board of Directors of AussieAir had made a decision regarding the reduction of payment of the pilots and the staff without serving a notice. The directors of the aviation company had also decided to make some of its staff redundant without obtaining their consent. Advice: Therefore, from the above statement it is clear that the board of directors of the AussieAir had failed to maintain the relevant provisions of law and had not performed their duties as per the provision of Corporation Act 2001. Therefore, it is advised to the Workers Union of the AussieAir that they can sue the company for non-maintenance of the duties mentioned here above and ask for necessary damages as required through the case. Reference: Bray, A. and Power, C., 2017. The fair work commission's' new approach'. Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (141), p.27. Earnshaw, J., Marchington, M. and Goodman, J., 2000. Unfair to whom? Discipline and dismissal in small establishments. Industrial Relations Journal, 31(1), pp.62-73. Fossum, J.A., 2014. Labor relations. Mcgraw Hill Higher accounting. Georgalis, J., Samaratunge, R., Kimberley, N. and Lu, Y., 2015. Change process characteristics and resistance to organisational change: The role of employee perceptions of justice. Australian journal of management, 40(1), pp.89-113. Kavanagh, M. and McRae, E., 2017. Employment law: Protecting vulnerable workers amendment to fair work act. Governance Directions, 69(4), p.241. Lawrence, R.J., 2016. Professional social work in Australia. ANU Press. Marshall, J.F., Tsuji, Y., Matsuda, H., Davies, P.J., Iryu, Y., Honda, N. and Satoh, Y., 1998. Quaternary and Tertiary subtropical carbonate platform development on the continental margin of southern Queensland, Australia. Reefs and carbonate platforms in the Pacific and Indian oceans, pp.163-195. McLachlan, R., 2013. Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. Mohamed, A.A.A., 2014. Dismissal from management and the Remedies. LexisNexis. Shields, J. and Brown, M., 2015. 3 15 Employee share ownership. Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies, p.320. Stewart, A., 2013. Stewart's guide to employment law (Vol. 3). Sydney: Federation Press. Stewart, A.J., Bray, M., Macneil, J. and Oxenbridge, S., 2014. 'Promoting cooperative and productive workplace relations': exploring the Fair Work Commission's new role.